Medication-related edema is a common and significantly underestimated cause of fluid retention. In most cases, it is not related to primary heart or kidney disease but arises as a direct result of a drug’s effect on vascular tone, renal filtration, or hormonal balance. Such edema is deceptive because it develops gradually and is often mistaken for progression of the underlying condition.
Edema is one of the most common clinical signs that patients encounter, yet at the same time one of the most underestimated. Most often it is perceived as an everyday occurrence: “sat too long,” “it’s hot,” “uncomfortable shoes,” “age,” or “drank too much water.” Over time, a person gets used to the fact that the legs become heavier by the evening, sock marks remain on the skin, and the face looks puffier in the morning than before.
Diagnosis “fatty liver” is now increasingly detected incidentally-during ultrasound, CT, or MRI examinations performed for other reasons. It is found in people of different ages, body types, and lifestyles, often in the complete absence of pain, pronounced complaints, or abnormalities in standard blood tests.
Vitamin A is most often associated with vision, but in the body, it performs a much broader range of functions. It is necessary for maintaining mucous membranes, skin, and the normal functioning of the immune system. How effectively the body recovers from damage and copes with infectious load depends on it.
Today, we live in a world surrounded by synthetic chemicals — in the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, the cosmetics we use, the packaging we touch, and the cleaning products we rely on. These substances include solvents, plasticizers, preservatives, and by-products of industrial processes. Even if we don’t notice them directly, our contact with them is constant and often invisible. For example, if you leave a plastic water bottle in the sun, you’re likely drinking water that now contains microplastics.
